When Hitler came in Italy for his first time in may 1938 there was a week of great celebrations, the greater ones Italians have never seen. This event was impressed in our collective memory. Then, public opinion realised that the relationship between Mussolini and the Führer was firmed. In that time their two dictatorships came up. The history was reconstructed by a long and careful research in the Historical Archive of the Istituto Luce, revealing its most awkward aspect and backstage.